18. Sitting Bull Shooting Another Warrior; 17. [blank page]; 7. [blank page]; 8. A Warrior Fighting Two Snake Indians.

Howling Wolf was known as a warrior artist as well as an ethnographer of the Great Plains tribal heritage. He and his father, Eagle Head, were at the Sand Creek Massacre in 1864, and Howling Wolf subsequently engaged in various battles. Along with 71 other Southern Plains warriors and leaders, he was imprisoned in Fort Marion, Florida, in the late 1870s. Using available paper, often the lined ledgers used for accounting, Plainsmen drew images of their battles and horse raids in much the same manner they had done previously on buffalo hide, lodge covers, tipi liners, and robes. These previous works were often collective pieces of multiple authorship. The practice persisted with the switch to paper, though it became more difficult and less common under exile and reservation life. Howling Wolf’s own drawings were likely sold to tourists in St. Augustine, Florida. Today his work serves as an expressive eyewitness account of his and his tribe’s experiences leading up to and during the forced reservation period caused by United States settler-colonialism ideology.